Mars Gravity Is Not a Proven Human Health Baseline
Separate known microgravity risks from the unknown long-term effects of 0.38 g, then compare exercise and rotating artificial-gravity countermeasures.
A space exploration fact-checking exercise
space exploration articles for working developers
Clear explanations of the details that shape real programs.
Spaceflight proposals mix settled physics, early engineering, and ambitious forecasts. Read each claim critically, check its assumptions, and compare it with primary sources.
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A Propellant Depot Is a Cryogenic Storage and Transfer System
Evaluate an orbital propellant depot through boiloff, pressure control, low-gravity gauging, chilldown, transfer losses, docking interfaces, and useful throughput.
Mars Operations Need Authority Without Real-Time Earth Support
Design Mars crew procedures for 21–23 minute one-way delays, solar-conjunction outages, local decision authority, onboard expertise, and store-and-forward data.
98% Water Recovery Does Not Close a Space Habitat
Interpret a habitat's water-recovery percentage correctly, then account for oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste streams, maintenance, reserves, and make-up supplies.
Lunar South Pole Sites Trade Sunlight Against Ice Access
Choose a lunar south-pole site by trading illumination, terrain, Earth visibility, thermal survival, and travel distance to ice-bearing permanent shadow.